Organ donation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organ donation - Essay Example Many people are not aware of this problem and this paper can help on this point. As a nurse, my profession had allowed me to see the deficiencies in the current system of organ procurement. Lack of organ donors - there is a dearth or shortage compatible organs for people who are waiting for suitable organs due to the requirements of a tissue and blood match, otherwise, the organs will be rejected by the body as a foreign object. I believe that all major donor agencies and even national governments should give a priority to these concerns such as tax incentives for the donors (McCarrick & Darragh, 2003). Other proposals were made to address a vital issue but the most common avenue is to conduct an advocacy campaign that will help to persuade people to become organ donors. Besides family members and close relatives, a search for viable organs has expanded to prison population as well. The current lack of organs is due to increased demand as the organ transplantation process is now a fairly routine surgical procedure. Black market - the urgent need for human organs has also caused a dark underside of a cottage industry which is the trafficking of illegal organs. In other instances, it is possible that poor people sell their organs, often with a devastating effect on donors health. A parallel market for organs obtained through illegal means has resulted into medical tourism that people desperate for organs go to poor countries (Connell, 2010). A proposal made to make all organ procurement subject to free market forces has not been well received (Mahoney, 2010); todays present system based on altruism cannot keep pace with the demand resulting in the illegal market for organs. While the surveys indicate widespread public support for organ donation, in practice, people are either reluctant or unwilling to voluntarily donate their organs or those of deceased kin. What peaked my interest in the topic of organ donations is that it is the responsibility of

Constitutional and administrative law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constitutional and administrative law - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, the constitution forms the set of laws and principles from which the Kingdom is governed, the UK constitution is different from other nation‘s because it is not continued in one document, it has a de facto constitution that is embodied in court judgments, treaties and within statues3. One of the cases pointed out by As pointed out by Allen and Thompson, 2008, that gives the rule of law authority over statutory law is that of Malone v. MPC4 ,it was held that it was it is the right of an individual to be protected against arbitrary interference from public authorities in his private life. On the other hand ,administrative law forms part of the law that runs activities within government agencies, a government agency is body that has been mandated to make rules ,adjudication and the enforcement of given regulatory agenda5. Administrative law is directly related to public law, which deals with making decisions in various administrative units of the government such as commissions, boars and tribunals. Administrative law ensures that all the sectors of the economy are well coordinated and that the constitution is upheld in all the procedures in the nation. In the United Kingdom, the Ombudsmen, the judicial review and the tribunals are the bodies that take charge of administrative law, for example the Ombudsman plays the role of investigating complaints that come from maladministration. Both the administrative and constitutional laws are important to the sovereignty of a country, it economic growth, protection of human rights, prevention of mal administration, economic growth among others6. Body One of the roles of the constitution is to stipulate the state’s legal structure; it is the main body that makes rules which governs the excising of power within the government .It governs the relationship between the executive, the legislature and the judiciary bodies under its authority. The constitution defines various hierarchies and thei r relationship to power, in cases where it has established federal states; there will be several levels of government working together with shared or exclusive areas of jurisdiction in relation to lawmaking, its application and enforcement. Protecting of its people also form an important role of the constitution, human rights and civil liberties take care of the individuals rights against that of the state. Constitutional law alongside administrative law should ensure that its citizens are protected against exploitation by any body or organisation, in Prescott v Birmingham Corp, any decisions made in relation to public in interests should be carried with an aim contributing to the overall public good. 7 The Universal declaration of human rights that is found under the UN charter forms the basis of human rights element in most constitutions. In the UK, human rights provisions are provided from the statutes, convection and case law. For example in Entick v. Carrington8, where Entick a ccused Carrington over trespass and abuse of his human rights, in the ruling Lord Camdem declared that every man has the right to secure his property in fact that is the

Unit 208 Accident Leaflet Essay Example for Free

Unit 208 Accident Leaflet Essay ACCIDENTSAll accidents and injuries must be reported to reception where an accident form can be filled in and depending on severity of injury reported to HSEWhen an accident occurs report to teacher whom can then get a first aider depending on the injury. A severe injury must be reported to the head after ringing 999. General cuts and abrasions can be cleaned with water. Bumps and knocks to the head can be monitored for concussion. Whatever the situation stay calm so distress is not caused to others. Inform parents or carers or next of kin. | ILLNESSReport illness to the tutor, so relevant people can be informed such as carers or parents. Monitor studentsDo they look pale, flushed, have a rash, are they lethargic, quiet or more irritable than normal. ILLNESS OUT OF COLLEGEStudents are asked to ring in and let college staff know they are ill and not attending lessons, so tutors are aware01924 303332| EMERGENCY RESPONSEWHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY| FIRESKnow your fire drillLeave your classroom and head to nearest fire exit. (These are marked on the floor plan of the college, attached. )Make sure all learners leave quickly and orderly. Leave all personal belongings behind. Check toilets and classrooms for any remaining learners. Go to your designated assembly point and await the register. Make sure everyone is okIn the event of a fire raise the alarm do not attempt to extinguish fireRing the fire bell and ring 999| ABUSEIf abuse is suspected or a discloser reportedACTInform your tutor or designated officerAnne-Marie-Spencer01924 303332OUT OF OFFICE HOURSPlease contact Social Care Direct for advice08458503503(24hr)See attached sheet| MISSING LEARNERIf a student is feared missing, firstly inform the class tutor. Try phoning the studentThen do a search of the building and grounds. If they cannot be found then the police and college coordinators should be informed. Next the parents or carers of the student. SECURITYAll visitors must sign inAt the beginning of each class a register should be taken. If an unknown person is in the building report them immediately to reception staff. Any suspicious bags or packages to be reported to reception. |

The European Convention on Human Rights in Irish Law

The European Convention on Human Rights in Irish Law What is the status of the European Convention on Human Rights in Irish law? Does it differ from the status given to other international human rights treaties to which the State is a party? Cite relevant case law and academic commentary in support of your answer. Note: in your essay you should explain how the Convention operates in Irish law at a domestic and international level and examine to what extent, if any, Convention rights have been successfully invoked by claimants before the Irish courts. In 2003, the Irish parliament, the Oireachtas, passed the European Convention of Human Rights Act (ECHR). This act is in line with the Irish Constitution and domestic laws, as it prohibits particular government bodies from behaving in an unlawful manner that can interfere with any of the ECHR rights. The act demands that every organ of the State should perform its functions in a manner compatible with the States obligations under the Convention provisions. It also grants the Irish courts permission to hear any arguments about the ECHR in cases ahead them. The effect this act has is that it requires the Irish judiciary system to construe Irish legislation in a fashion that is in accordance with the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). The purpose of the act is to guarantee that Irish law develops in a manner that will honour the personal rights and freedoms set down by the ECHR. The European Convention of Human Rights Act 2003, does not incorporate the ECHR rights into domestic Irish law, per say. The reason being that majority of the rights set out in the ECHR, have been available to the citizens of Ireland since the establishment of the 1937 Constitution. The ECHR sets out the minimum standard for the rights and allows each member state leeway to decide whether or not they want to raise that standard to a more stricter one in their individual countries. When making any decision regarding rights from the ECHR, the 2003 act requires the Irish judiciary to take judicial notice of provisions and decisions from the Convention. When dealing with proceedings related to the Convention, it is essential for the Irish courts to take due account of the principles laid down by those declarations, decisions, advisory opinions, opinions and judgments made by other jurisdictions that also operate with the ECHR. This means that ECHR judgements do not have any precedence on Irish courts when dealing with ECHR issues. In Foy v An, tà rdClà ¡raitheoir[1], McKechnie J. Clearly set out the status the Convention has in Ireland. He stated that: It is a misleading metaphor to say that the Convention was incorporated into domestic law. It was not. The rights contained in the Convention are now part of Irish law. They are so by reason of the Act of 2003. That is their source. Not the Convention. So it is only correct to say, as understood in this way, that the Convention forms part of our law. In the Supreme Court case, McD v L[2], the same view point was echoed by Murray CJ, in which he stated: Even though the contracting parties undertake to protect convention rights by national measures, the Convention does not purport to be directly applicable in the national legal systems of the high contracting parties. Nor does the Convention require those parties to incorporate the provisions of the Convention as part of its domestic law. So far as the Convention is concerned it is a matter for each contracting party to fulfil its obligations within the framework of its own constitution and laws. The Convention does not seek to harmonise the laws of the contracting states but seeks to achieve a minimum level of protection of the rights specified in the Convention leaving the states concerned to adopt a higher level of protection should they choose to do so. Once an interference with Convention rights is shown, it is for the State to bring itself within the limitations proscribed. Central to the ECtHR determination of rights claims will be the proportionality of the measures introduced by the Contracting State. Limitations to Convention rights are construed narrowly. 18 The Convention provides an important basis for protecting the rights of all persons in a State. While the rights protected in the Charter 19 are only addressed to the institutions, bodies and offices of the European Union, and to EU Member States when implementing EU law20 , there is no such limitation in the Convention. Everybody within the jurisdiction of a Contracting State enjoys the rights set forth in the Convention. http://humanrights.ie/constitution-of-ireland/irelands-relationship-with-the-echr-reflections-for-the-uk/ -acessed 6/3/17 at 21:47 http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2014)036-e acessed 6/3/17 at 22:13 https://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/housesoftheoireachtas/libraryresearch/spotlights/20160609_intlHR_spotlight_095201.pdf -acessed 6/3/17 at 22:30 file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/ICCL_KYR_EURO_BW.pdf- acessed 6/3/17 at 22:54 [1] [2007] IEHC 470, 93 [2] McD v L [2010] 2 IR 199

The Impact Of Information Technology On Work Organisations Essay

The Impact Of Information Technology On Work Organisations The impact of information technology has significant effects on the structure, management and functioning of most organisations. It demands new patterns of work organisation and effects individual jobs, the formation and structure of groups, the nature of supervision and managerial roles. In the case of new office technology it allows the potential for staff at clerical/operator level to carry out a wider range of functions and to check their own work. The result is a change in the traditional supervisory function and a demand for fewer supervisors. IT has prompted a growing movement towards more automated procedures of work. There is a movement away from large scale, centralized organization to smaller working units. Processes of communication are increasingly limited to computer systems with the rapid transmission of information and immediate access to their national or international offices. Changes wrought by IT means that individuals may work more on their own, from their personal work stations or even from their own homes, or work more with machines than with other people. One person may be capable of carrying out a wider range of activities. There are changes in the nature of supervision and the traditional heirachal structure of jobs and responsibilities. Therefore the introduction of IT undoubtedly transforms significantly the nature of work and employment conditions for staff. The ma...

The Glass Menagerie: Existentialist Responsibilities Conveyed Through t

The story of a young Tennessee Williams is poetically portrayed through a 1945 Broadway Play, The Glass Menagerie. The main character, Tom Wingfield, lives in his family’s apartment with his mother, Amanda Wingfield, and sister, Laura Wingfield. Their father left the family, and he remains a silent character appearing as a portrait on the apartment wall. Throughout the seven scenes, the immaturity of each family member is revealed. In search of adventure, Tom has dreams of being a writer and wishes to leave his family and factory job, like his father, to join the Merchant Marines. Laura lets her disability, a braced leg, hinder her finding a job or a husband, while Amanda stays in denial of her children’s failure by living in the past with her â€Å"gentlemen callers.† Tom’s main responsibilities, created by Amanda, are to take care of Laura and the family. Amanda and Tom are constantly fighting about their different views of what they wish the futur e to bring. To cope with his problems, every night Tom ventures off to probably a bar, gets drunk, and then tells his family he was at the movies ("Plot Summary: The Glass Menagerie"). Williams tries to express a personal struggle about trying to leave his family with out feeling guilt (John Lahr) through fictional characters paralleling his family. These struggles are seen as failed responsibilities in the view of an existentialist. The responsibility of being an existentialist is conveyed through Tennessee Williams’ autobiographical character Tom and his failed responsibilities, guilt of the past, and denial of reality in The Glass Menagerie. The play takes place during the Great Depression in the 1930s, but America was in World War II when Williams wrote the play. The ... ...ge. "Sartre's Philosophy through 1945: Phenomenology and Ontology." Jean-Paul Sartre. Boston: Twayne, 1983. 36-38. Print. Clinton, Craig. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie: Tennessee Williams." The Facts on File Companion to American Drama. Ed. Jackson R. Bryer and Mary C. Hartig. New York: Facts on File, 2004. 178. Print. Crowell, Steven. "Existentialism." The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Winter 2010. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. "Existentialism-A Philosophy." AllAboutPhilosophy.org. AllAboutPhilosophy.org, 2012. Web. 03 May 2012. The Glass Menagerie. Drama for Students. Ed. David Galens and Lynn Spampinato. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. Print. Lahr, John. "Telling It Like It Isn’t." The New Yorker. 06 May 2010. Web. 2 May 2012. "Plot Summary: The Glass Menagerie." DISCovering Authors. Detroit: Gale, 2003.Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 17 Apr. 2012.

Macbeth Soliloquy

Macbeth’s Soliloquy In Macbeth’s soliloquy Shakespeare uses many rhetorical devices to magnify Macbeth’s change in attitude about killing Duncan. Two of the main rhetorical devices used in the soliloquy are rhetorical questions and allusions to Hecate and Tarquin. These two devices help Shakespeare depict the change in Macbeth’s attitude about killing Duncan and also represent his decision to kill Duncan. Macbeth’s rhetorical questions share his lack of clarity and conviction to kill Duncan while the allusions represent his decision forming and becoming clear to him.At the beginning of Macbeth’s soliloquy Shakespeare uses rhetorical questions to represent Macbeth’s feelings about killing Duncan. In the first seven lines we see three rhetorical questions. These questions lead into the conversation Macbeth has with himself to decide if he will kill Duncan. At the beginning of the soliloquy he seems unsure if he actually wants to go throu gh with the plan. This uncertainty is represented by his uncertainty of the dagger’s existence. The first question he asks is whether or not he actually sees a dagger in front of him.It is a simple question but leads us into the others. The second question he asks is if the dagger was sent by a â€Å"fatal vision† (II. i. 35). Here, the word fatal acts as a double entendre. Fatal can either mean someone’s destiny or it can mean a deadly action and in this case it works with both definitions. Macbeth wonders if it is his fate to kill Duncan with the dagger and the dagger is the deadly weapon that will be used to kill Duncan later on in the play. The final question Macbeth asks himself is whether this dagger is real or not and if it is formed by his â€Å"heat-oppressed brain† (II. i. 38).The fact that he does not even know if he really sees a dagger or not makes it clear to the audience that he is going crazy over the thought of killing Duncan. When Macbet h asks himself this question he is wondering whether he really wants to kill Duncan or if he is just caught in the moment. Later in the soliloquy he even says â€Å"[his] eyes are made†¦fools† (II. i. 43) and that it is â€Å"the bloody business which informs/ [the dagger] to [his] eyes† (II. i. 47-48). Since the dagger is not real we know Shakespeare is telling us that Macbeth is thinking about killing Duncan but is still too scared to actually do it.As the soliloquy progresses, and so does his idea of killing Duncan, he starts talking about more concrete ideas, such as witchcraft, and this represents his growing desire to kill Duncan. In the second half of the soliloquy Macbeth finally decides to kill Duncan. When Macbeth says â€Å"now o’er the one half-world† (II. i. 48) he is talking about the time when people are asleep, or nighttime. While he does this he alludes to two famous and immoral people, the goddess Hecate and the Roman King Tarquin. At the time when Shakespeare was alive the audience knew who Shakespeare was referring when Macbeth said the names Tarquin and Hecate.This simple connection would allow the audience to understand where Macbeth’s decision would go and why he finally came to that decision. Shakespeare draws many parallels between Macbeth and these two people. Shakespeare alludes to Hecate because she was the goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, the moon, ghosts, and necromancy. All of these things are affiliated with evil and when Macbeth says that â€Å"witchcraft celebrates/Pale Hecate’s offerings† (II. i. 50-51) he is trying to persuade himself that even though she is the goddess of these evil things, people still celebrate her and something good may come from killing Duncan.Shakespeare draws a parallel between Hecate and Macbeth because Macbeth finally decides he will kill Duncan after the bell rings in the same way Hecate’s ritual sacrifices were summoned by the wo lf’s howl. Shakespeare also connects Macbeth to Tarquin in a similar way. Tarquin became the King of Rome by killing King Tullius. After Tarquin became the King of Rome he started a reign of terror. Besides killing King Tullius, Tarquin put many senators to death, his son raped a woman named Lucretia and eventually the Tarquin family was banished from Italy.By connecting Tarquin to Macbeth Shakespeare wants to show that they both knew what they were doing before committing the crime and chose to do it anyway. Also, Shakespeare is showing Macbeth’s change from an innocent man to a ruthless king whether Macbeth wants that or not and we see this later on in the play when Macbeth orders men to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance in fear that they may try to overthrow him. Shakespeare ends the soliloquy by saying that the â€Å"words to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives† (II. i. 60). By ending the soliloquy with this statement shows the change in Macbeth’s decision to kill Duncan and become king.The reason why Shakespeare included the soliloquy into the play is to show the audience how Macbeth finally comes to the decision to kill Duncan. Through the rhetorical devices used in the soliloquy Shakespeare is able to give the audience insight on how Macbeth goes from a guiltless man with no gall to a cold blood killer. We know by the end of it Macbeth has decided to kill Duncan and when the bell rings he goes to Duncan’s room to complete the job. We also know that later on he sends men to kill more people in order to keep his position as king and it is much easier for him to make that decision.