Choose the topic from given list Research Paper

Pick the subject from given rundown - Research Paper Example There is by all accounts a developing commotion for school outfits in the state funded schools for some issue. One reason introduced by those supporting the unforms in government funded schools has to do with the expense of school apparel. Perhaps the biggest cost that guardians face as far as the everyday needs of their secondary school matured kids has to do with the garments that they wear to class ordinary. The expanding cost of prepared to wear garments and the craving of kids to wear one of a kind get-ups to class cost the guardians a decent amount of cash each school year. By forcing an obligatory school uniform strategy in our schools, the expense of instruction can be brought down for guardians. This paper means to introduce three reasons regarding why we should bolster the clatter for regalia in state funded schools , remembering the reserve funds for cost of garments that can be given to the guardians, while likewise presentingsome of the reasons that a few guardians and u nderstudies restrict the school uniform approach. One reason that secondary school understudies give when inquired as to why the help the school uniform strategy is that they think that its simpler to just wear a similar garments to class regular. In spite of the fact that youngsters love to spruce up and coordinate their outfits for a day out, doing that consistently for school garments turns into an aggravation for them. Subsequently school garbs can really enable the children to get the chance to class on schedule and the guardians additionally get a couple of additional minutes regularly with which they can do different things simultaneously. In spite of open conviction, secondary school understudies loath being late for class. They additionally like to not need to consider what they will be wearing the following day to class. The thinking is straightforward: It spares them from going out and purchase garments in light of the fact that a uniform can be sent to you. Choices donâ €™t must be made on the grounds that you wear a similar outfit each day. All children need to do is get their uniform and you don’t need to stress on the off chance that it matches or in the event that it doesn’t coordinate. (Whelan, Brittany â€Å"School Uniforms Save Money, Avoid Problems†) As anyone who at any point went to secondary school knows, these understudies are decided by their friends at this level essential through early introductions. Those initial introductions are first made by the garments that an understudy wears to class. This need to dress in what an understudy accepts to be a worthy way to his companions at that point winds up causing the understudy undue pressure. Not every person can stand to purchase the most recent pattern in dress and architect duds so on account of such understudies, a school uniform will work best. School regalia are additionally seen as the incredible equalizer as a rule. Since understudies dress the same nearby , this can really assist with lessening the instances of harassing, terrorizing, garments burglaries, and so forth. The explanation that outfits work very well in diminishing the viciousness understudies understanding nearby is that when it turns out to be difficult to look one of a kind, the understudies will in general treat each other reasonably. It is said that regalia are the extraordinary equalizer in light of the fact that; â€Å"Schools are for understudies to learn and not for understudies to be compromised due to what they wear or are not wearing. Outfits will help shield every understudy from wrongdoing and viciousness when at school.† (â€Å"Yes for School Uniforms†). Regular citizen school garments that secondary school understudies wear to class can cost guardians as much as over a thousand dollars in a year because of the steady need to change the garments with

Heineken in Cambodia Free Essays

Heineken Overview of disputable strategic approaches in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld April 2009 Heineken Overview of questionable strategic policies in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Amsterdam, April 2009 Heineken Overview of dubious strategic policies in 2008 Colophon Heineken Overview of questionable strategic policies in 2008 April 2009 By: Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Cover Design: Annelies Vlasblom Funding This distribution is made conceivable with co-subsidizing from the Vereniging van Beleggers voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling (VBDO) Published by Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Center for Research on Multinational Corporations Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: + 31 (20) 6391291 E-mail: info@somo. nl Website: Hwww. somo. We will compose a custom exposition test on Heineken in Cambodia or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now nl This report is authorized under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2. 5 License. 1 Introduction This organization report has been set up by SOMO (Center for Research on Multinational Corporations). It gives a diagram of strategic approaches that could be viewed as impractical or flippant which happened (or may have been tended to) in 2008. The outline underneath depicts just questionable practices and not the positive accomplishments of an organization around the same time. Data on positive accomplishments can for the most part be found in a company’s yearly and additionally maintainability report and on the company’s site. The reason for this report is to give extra data to investors and different partners of an organization on debates that may or probably won't be distinguished and announced by the organization itself. This report doesn't contain an examination of a company’s corporate obligation approaches, operational parts of corporate duty the executives, usage frameworks, announcing and straightforwardness, or all out presentation on any issue. For certain discussions, it is demonstrated which guidelines or strategies may have been abused and a short examination is introduced. Aside from this, the report is primarily enlightening. The scope of manageability and corporate duty issues qualified for incorporation in this diagram is generally wide and basically dependent on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. These Guidelines are utilized as a general edge of reference notwithstanding the organization explicit norms. Wellsprings of data are referenced in commentaries all through the report. The fundamental sources were acquired through SOMO’s worldwide system of common society associations, including reports, different records, and unpublished data. Media and friends data databases and data accessible by means of the Internet are utilized as auxiliary sources where fundamental. Heineken has been educated about the exploration venture ahead of time and was given fourteen days to audit the report and give remedies of any real blunders in the draft variant. The review of disputable practices in this report isn't expected to be thorough. Rather, it centers around a predetermined number of issues and cases that may justify further consideration or reflection. Where data about the most recent turns of events, either positive or negative, was inaccessible, it is conceivable that circumstances portrayed in the diagram have as of late changed. Considering these impediments, SOMO accepts that the report can be utilized for development and for an increasingly educated evaluation regarding a company’s corporate duty execution. For more data, if you don't mind contact SOMO: SOMO (Center for Research on Multinational Corporations) Sarphatistraat 30, 1018 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel. 31 (0)20 6391291 Fax +31 (0)20 6391391 email: info@somo. nl site: www. somo. nl 2 Heineken Overview of disputable strategic approaches in 2008 Precarious working states of Heineken Beer venders in Cambodia This short outline manages just one issue: the proceeding with awful work and wellbeing states of socalled ‘beer sellers’ in Cambodia, salaried ladies who wear unmistakable Heineken regalia while only selling Heineken lager in bars and café s, nearby those working for its somewhat claimed accomplice brands (e. . , Tiger, ABC, etc†¦), and for contenders. The work states of these ladies, who are employed by the vast majority of the worldwide brewers and their wholesalers working in Cambodia 1 , have been reprimanded for quite a long while, by the Cambodian NGO (Non-Governmental Organization ) Siem Reap Citizens for Health, Educational and Social Issues (SiRCHESI) 2 . In 2002 the CEO and the Boards of both Heineken Breweries Ltd and Heineken Holding N. V. from here: Heineken) were first advised by SiRCHESI of worries about the wellbeing and government assistance of their brew merchants, who proceeded, in 2008, to be at high hazard for HIV/AIDS and liquor related medical issues, who experience inappropriate behavior and viciousness at their work environments, and who are not paid a ‘living wage’-a pay for an all day work on which they can bolster themselves and their family wards. Press reports returning to 1998, and especially a story in the Wall Street Journal (2000) had as of now plainly depicted the issues before social researchers started efficient information assortment. Additionally SOMO’s diagram of dubious strategic approaches of Heineken during 2006 for VBDO of April 2007 has pointed out this basic issue. 4 Recent requests and research in Cambodia â€as part of a longitudinal report (2004-2009) 5 †reconfirm that these awful work and wellbeing conditions despite everything exist. Heineken †and different brands, with whom the two of them contend and co-work †have not gained critical ground in 2007, nor in 2008 to diminish the high dangers to the wellbeing and security of the ladies lager dealers in Cambodia nor meet their month to month budgetary necessities. Up until now, industry endeavors to determine these issues †through the development in late 2006 of â€Å"Beer Selling Industry Cambodia† as an expert brewers relationship with a set of principles (COC) for lager venders †have fizzled. 1 2 3 4 5 See e. g. â€Å"Heineken en promotiemeisjes in Cambodja †deel A,† R. Feilzer and F. P. van der Putten (p. 85-96) and F. P. van der Putten, â€Å" †deel B† (p. 109-13), in: Bedrijfsgevallen, Eds. W Dubbink and H. van Luijk (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2006). SiRCHESI site, . also, ,, and . SiRCHESI’s site http://www. fairtradebeer. com press reports area. Heineken †Overview of disputable strategic policies in 2006,† Francis Weyzig (SOMO), April 2007 Performed by Staff, volunteers ,scientists and understudies situated in Siem Reap with SiRCHESI, or at Siem Reap Provincial AIDS Office, of University of Guelph (CA), National Center in HIV Social Research (University of New South Wales, AU), Macqua rie University (Sydney, AU), University of Melbourne (AU), Australia Volunteers International, Duke University (North Carolina, US), Oxford University (Oxford, UK), University of Technology Sydney (AU), as welll as University of Maastricht, NL, National University of Singapore, and Staffordshire University (UK). Information and examinations were given through Ian Lubek, worldwide counsel to SiRCHESI. The SIRCHESI interviews with lager dealers were directed either in the working environments or during wellbeing workshops. 213 meetings were directed from 2004-6, and 324 from 2007-9. 22 lager dealers worked for Heineken and accomplice brands, 57 worked for Carlsberg brands, for example, Angkor; 56 sold AB-INBEV brands, 1 sold a SAB-Miller brand, and the staying 201 sold different brands including Dutch brands Bavaria, Hollandia, just as Corona, San Miguel, Singha, Oettinger, Asahi, and so forth 3 Below, some questionable parts of the circumstance in 2008, uncovered by SiRCHESI, are portrayed. More foundation information can be found on the SiRCHESI site devoted to this issue www. ethicalbeer. com. On a similar site all the more new subtleties on the longitudinal examination, including information for 2008-9, are distributed by SiRCHESI 6 too. Low pay and straightforwardness As in 2006, SiRCHESI look into 7 affirms that Heineken isn't paying a â€Å"living wage† in 2008. In the event that Heineken and its Asia Pacific Breweries accomplice brands (Tiger, ABC, Anchor, Cheers,etc. paid their lager dealers the present business standard (2008) of a little more than 8 US dollar for each brew case as commission, they would acquire †in light of SiRCHESI’s perceptions of deals of multiple cases every night †around 700 US dollars for each month which adds up to around multiple times the current fixed pay. BSIC brand merchants are reliably paid less every month than non-BSIC marks yet progressively sell complex more lager every year 8 . Actually laborers get under 2. 5 percent of the deal, and face serious daily working environment wellbeing and dangers. Some portion of this productivity for Heineken depends on the sellers’ own daily utilization of around 6 percent of deals, which adds damage and hazard to their working circumstance. For various years, Heineken authorities announced paying rewards to the lager servers, yet SiRCHESI interviews demonstrated that from 2002 onwards these were not being gotten by the brew dealers. Indeed in 2008 they revealed getting month to month income of 71 US dollars which is extensively lower than the 84 US dollars detailed by non-BSIC dealers and the 85 US dollars Heineken base camp reports paying 9 . SiRCHESI gauges that 71 US dollar month to month is still not exactly 50% of what might be sufficient to accommodate them and their family wards. This circumstance of underpayment â€first answered to Heineken officials in 2002 and unaltered since the time puts awful weights on the ladies to help their families and to make a decent living, convincing some to offer perilous sex to clients in distress to suppl

12 Angry Men †Critical Thinkers Essay

In Twelve Angry Men, a youngster is being investigated for wounding and executing his dad. The film centers around twelve arbitrarily chose residents who are appointed the obligation of deciding the destiny of this multi year elderly person. The jury should analyze certain realities and decide reality dependent on the proof introduced to them in court. It is accepted that the legal hearers will judge decently and without individual predisposition. Fundamentally, the members of the jury need to utilize basic speculation during this preliminary to make sense of what proof is accurate and what proof is bogus. All through the film, a few hearers were greater at basic deduction than others, some had obstructions to defeat before they could utilize great basic reasoning aptitudes, but then others became basic masterminds at various focuses during the film. Basic reasoning assumed a key job in Twelve Angry Men. So as to have the option to consider some fresh possibilities, one must have the capacity to think unbiaslly, not bring individual issues into play, not be frightened to put the thoughts and questions on the table, and to be reasonable. The hearer who had these aptitudes the best and applied them better than his eleven different mates was member of the jury number 8, played by Henry Fonda. Toward the start of the film, legal hearer 8 was the just one to cast a ballot not liable on the main vote. Fonda’s character clearly expressed â€Å"It’s difficult for me to lift my hand and send a kid to bite the dust without discussing it first†. This shows he needed to look at all the proof and â€Å"facts† before going to his choice. As the film went on, legal hearer 8 continued suggesting conversation starters like â€Å"could it be possible† and â€Å"could he be wrong† to remind others that about sensible uncertainty. At that point Fonda’s character helped discover gaps in two key bits of proof, one being the blade utilized in the homicide. The switchblade blade should stand-out, yet member of the jury 8 removes a blade from his pocket and sticks it into the table close to t he blade that was utilized in the homicide. The blades were indistinguishable and Fonda’s character clarifies that he got it in a similar neighborhood. The second bit of proof legal hearer 8 discovered sensible uncertainty in was the old man’s declaration. The old cases he heard the executioner shout ‘I’ m going to kill you’, after a second he heard the father’s body fall and he saw the kid coming up short on the house fifteen seconds after. Legal hearer 8 chose to reenact the scene, focusing on detail my hauling his foot like the elderly person, just as, estimating the separation with the goal that it was precise. Fonda’s character demonstrated the old man’s story was bogus in light of the fact that it took thirty-one seconds. Member of the jury 8 payed consideration regarding subtleties, dissected everything about, aside his predispositions, and opened the eyes of different attendants, this is the reason he was an extraordinary basic mastermind. In spite of the fact that there were some acceptable basic scholars in Twelve Angry Men, there were a couple of members of the jury who just couldn’t see fresh until it was past the point of no return. Member of the jury 10 appeared to be the most close disapproved of every one of his companions, bringing about awful basic reasoning. There were occasions where this character generalized the litigant racially by saying â€Å"those people†,†them†, â€Å"they are conceived liars† and â€Å"they don't esteem human life†. Member of the jury 10 likewise alluded to calling the kid oblivious and a lazy pig . This member of the jury treated the litigant inadequately, yet his conduct towards his allies was uninformed. Legal hearer 10 was wry, uncaring, lacking ethics, holding feelings of spite, and a windbag. For example, hearer 10 wryly says â€Å"you’re a brilliant individual aren’t you?† to member of the jury 8 because of a bit of proof that had been destroyed. These attributes are ones that cloud the mind and don't permit sound judgment or basic speculation to become an integral factor. There were three people that held so much grudhe, outrage and hostility that it kept them from intuition basically. One of these companions was member of the jury 3. He guaranteed that the litigant was positively blameworthy and his purposes behind reasoning this was totally bias. He brought musings of outrage, disdain and vengeance into the jury since his own child left him. For this he thinks and accuses every single youthful society. Another jury who was an awful basic mastermind is number 2. He will in general follow the group and feels like its an open and shut case. He doesn’t need to consider the to be as they are nor does he need to tune in to what anybody says. The last hearer who awful at deduction fundamentally was 6. In spite of the fact that he gave legal hearer 8 a possibility, the explanation was on the grounds that he was excessively tight taken to figure off the proof wase. He couldn’t associate any of the spots nor did he shout out particularly in the conversation. Twelve Angry Men had genuine instances of how the normal individual uses basic reasoning, which is whi le the procedure of change is happening? For reasons unknown the light dings on after we tune in to others clarify their considerations. Hearers 9, 11 and 7 resembled the majority of us. During the preliminary member of the jury 9 continued democratic liable until Fonda’s character began discussing the old man’s character and the woman’s visual perception. He casted a ballot not blameworthy after he considered the old man’s character being distant from everyone else, never had acknowledgment in life for anything, and he needed a few so the elderly person lied. Legal hearer 9 needed to beat his own view of himself being old and not so much required for much so as to be a basic mastermind and understand his suppositions check as well. Like legal hearer 9, member of the jury 7 needed to beat his distraction of setting off to a Yankee’s game. All through the film, he continued democratic blameworthy and afterward after he heard attendants 8 and 10 discussion about how the lady wore glasses and she didn’t have them on when she saw the homicide. At the point when this occurred, hearer 7 understood that there was sensible uncertainty for the situation. This just occurs after he casted a ballot not blameworthy just to get this show on the road the ball game and Fonda’s character asks him for what valid reason, which at that point makes 7 focus and think. Attendant 11 was a worker who was frightened and effortlessly influenced by his companions. He had the deterrent of attempting to go to bat for himself, comprehend his voice tallies and that his psyche works simply like others. Legal hearer 11 vanquished this deterrent when legal hearer 8 was discussing the injury, he understood that the somebody taller would have needed to been the executioner. He additionally disclosed to the others that a switchblade is use in an upward movement. When these characters got over their hindrances, their basic reasoning aptitudes helped open gaps for the situation. With everything taken into account, Twelve Angry Men was an incredible learning apparatus to what basic reasoning is and how to apply. This film instructed me that you need to move toward choices in a specific way. I have to keep a receptive outlook, be practical, express my feelings and not judge others. Thinking fundamentally infers that mental ability of yours and your companions is expected to show signs of improvement comprehension of regular day to day existence. Regarding o thers around you is vital. So as to utilize basic reasoning, one must comprehend what it involves.

Lan Operating Systems Scenarios

Peruse the three situations beneath, at that point answer the inquiries that follow every situation. 1. You are the system manager for another organization that has 10 clients and plans to include five additional clients inside a year. The documents should be gotten to by every one of the 10 clients and every client must have distinctive security rights. What sort of system would you introduce and how might the pieces and segments of this system identify with one another? Characterize every segment. For this circumstance, I would initially suggest a server, which an executive can relegate diverse security rights. Second, I would suggest a star topology coordinate with a focal switch. A star topology is the simplest topology to oversee and include different gadgets. The switch is the best focal gadget to use to fragment traffic and reduce impacts that would happen from a center. The parts, for example, the hubs would interface with the switch, which would permit correspondence with different hubs or gadgets. Also, Ethernet links would be expected to associate with the rear of the PC or NIC card. 2. You are the system chairman for an organization that has a shared system. How might the pieces and parts of this system identify with one another? Characterize the entirety of the parts of this sort of system. In a distributed system, the entirety of the gadgets associated with the system share each other’s assets. This is normal in a LAN arrange that doesn't have a server. 3. You are the executive of a customer server condition. What sort of system would you introduce and how might the pieces and parts of this system identify with one another? Characterize every part of a run of the mill customer server condition. In this situation, I would again prescribe a star topology because of its sensibility and versatility. In this model, one would require PCs, server, links, and working frameworks. The hubs would experience the switch or switch and afterward that gadget would get those assets from the serever..

My First Week as an EMT

My First Week as an EMT This past Monday, I found out that I passed my national EMT exam.  I was so happy now I am officially a nationally certified firefighter and EMT!  Little did I know, my new skills as an EMT were going to be quickly tested. It started about 1am that night.  I had been getting in and out of bed and walking around, trying to force myself to fall asleep.  I have been having a lot of problems with sleeping lately, where it takes hours for me to fall asleep and it is really hard to stay asleep. At 1am, there was a knock at my door.  I am a Medlink in East Campus, and I believe very strongly that if people are sick on hall, they should feel comfortable coming and knocking on my door.  Many of us Medlinks in East Campus feel this way. That was what the knocking was about.  I asked who it was, and the girl at my door told me that she did not feel right.  I opened the door and let her in.  She sat on my floor, and I sat with her.  She said that she was having trouble sleeping, and felt really awful. A stabbing feeling in her stomach. I palpated her abdomen, like a fancy EMT, and it was fine other than the pain.  But it was the worst pain she had felt, unlike any other.  I helped her to her room.  I got a bowl from the kitchen and put a bag inside in case she felt like throwing up, and then got her a glass of water and some paper towels. On the way back to my room, I got called over by a friend down the hall.  He told me that he had just thrown up for the second time in two hours and felt awful.  This is when I realized that we might have an epidemic.  I went back to my room, scrubbed my hands clean with soap and water, and put on gloves.  I grabbed a bag, paper towels, some thermometers, and a cup of water.  I brought it back to the second patient, as he started vomiting into his trash can.  He told me to leave. At about 2:30am, I went back to bed.  There was not much more I could do, and I set my alarm for an hour later so I could check on the two patients again.  At about 3:15am, after trying to go to sleep for 45 minutes, there was another knock at my door. It was the boyfriend of patient 3.  He told me that she wasnt feeling well, and I knew exactly what it was.  I got out of bed, climbed down my loft, grabbed a bag, some paper towels, and followed him down the hall to her room.  There she was, extremely pale and feeling extremely sick.  I left her in the care of her boyfriend, and went down the hall to check on the others. Patient 2 was passed out.  I refilled his water, left him a new bag, checked his breathing rate, and let him sleep. I considered calling the ambulance. I woke up the other EMT on hall to ask her what to do.  She told me what she thought, and I let her sleep. Patient 1 was in a much worse state than before.  I got to her room just as she started vomiting, and I helped her make her way to the bathroom, bringing paper towels and helping her feel comfortable.  Afterwards, she felt a lot better. I cleaned up the bowl, and I put in a new bag. I helped her back to her room, where she curled up, still in pain. I encouraged tiny sips of water about every fifteen minutes afterwards. I told her that I thought she should go to the hospital, and she told me that she did not want to.  Nobody wanted to. I went back to my room.  I scrubbed my hands red.  I grabbed the Lysol on my shelf, and started going crazy.  I sprayed my sink, I sprayed my doorknobs. I sprayed my desk, the floor, parts of my loft. I sprayed the doors between each section of hall. The doorknobs and sinks of every bathroom, and every door leading into hall.  I sprayed the doorknobs of all the people I knew were sick, or could be sick. I discovered two new sick people as I went around disinfecting.  I got them bags, paper towels, cups of water. I went back to my room. I scrubbed my hands red.  I went into bed.  I sent texts to the ill, telling them to text me if they need me.  I got a text from my boyfriend, telling me that he just threw up and was feeling really awful. I got out of bed. I went down the stairs, Lysol in hand. I made sure he was okay I brought him a bag, paper towels, water.  I let him sleep. I went back upstairs, spraying everything with Lysol the door knobs, the railing. It was almost 5am.  I sent an e-mail to hall, but only to the residents as to not freak out the rest of the building. Hi guys, Theres a really bad stomach flu going around right now. Let me know if you are feeling ill, I will try to be around. Try to stay hydrated if you can, and go to medical if you start feeling sick. Mob leaving at 7am after I give them a call. Stay healthy (and away from other human beings) -array I got three immediate messages of new sick people. I went and checked on them I brought them bags, paper towels, water.  I lysoled their doors, their sinks, their light switches. I scrubbed my hands red.  I e-mailed the GRTs, warning them.  I e-mailed all the East Campus Medlinks, asking for help with getting Gatorade and Saltines and taking care of my residents telling them to keep their residents away, in case this is as incredibly infectious as it seems. At 7am, I called MIT Medical Urgent Care.  I spoke to the triage nurse, and she told me what to do. I sent an e-mail to East Campus residents. Hi, I am sending a warning about a sudden-onset stomach flu that is currently floating around the east parallel. MIT urgent care recommends that students who present symptoms of nausea, diarrhea or vomiting rest and try to sip clear fluids such as water, ginger ale, gatorade or broth. Please go to urgent care if you have the following: Vomiting/diarrhea that persists for many hours Inability to keep fluids down You have a fever or feel lightheaded when standing up If you are sick, please contact S^3 to get help with managing missed classes. They are going to encourage you to go to MIT Medical, but you do not need to go unless you have one of the symptoms above. As always, Urgent Care has walk-in hours 7am-11pm. You can also call 617-253-4481 at any time for medical advice. As always, dial x100 from a campus phone or 617-253-1212 for any emergency. Wash your hands! http://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/ Rachel (EC Medlink EMT) The response was worried residents.  I told them to wash their hands, and stay in if they felt sick.  Stay away from my floor we are quarantined for Tuesday and the foreseeable future. At this point, there were about 10 sick people on my hall.  The not-sick quickly responded there were trips to the super market organized.  Polls were sent and taken to try and figure out where this disease came from, and how many were infected. The virus had been found to present symptoms in at least two alum, infecting outside households.  I Lysoled the doorknobs, my boyfriend, the cats. A friend of the hall and former resident made us a huge pot of chicken soup, as well as a smaller pot of vegetarian soup.  People brought us Gatorade and Saltine crackers. Other Medlinks came and brought me thermometers. I went to Urgent Care to update the triage nurse she told me to continue what I was doing.  Check the pulse rates and the temperatures. My floor turned into an emergency room.  I went around leaving thermometers in peoples faces, pouring Gatorade powder here and there.  I missed all my classes.  I started to feel sort of funny, but told myself that there were more sick people and made it go away.  The count was over 15 sick people. I ran up and down the hall over and over again checking on people, until I was forced into my room and to bed and told to calm down and go to sleep. I scrubbed my hands red, showered, and took a two-hour nap.  I woke up, and I checked on my patients. People were starting to feel better.  It was the late afternoon, and I could see noticeable changes in mood, skin color, and overall feeling of the first patients.  They could keep down fluids and even some food, and things were looking up. I finished a problem set.  I tried and failed at studying for my exam on Friday.  I still felt a little funny, but chose to ignore it and, after putting a hosed, but healthy, senior on night duty and putting a sign on my door that I was not on shift, I scrubbed my hands red and went to sleep. Eight hours later, I woke up for class.  I went up and down the hall, checking on the patients.  There were four new patients over night.  I made sure they had Gatorade and were comfortable, and I went off to class. I went through the day in a daze, unable to focus on anything at all.  Worrying just worrying.  I felt off and I thought that I was doomed to come down with the virus.  I sent more warning e-mails to the Medlinks the disease spread slightly to a couple people in the other parallel, but otherwise seemed to be winding down. I got a nice e-mail of thanks from the Medlinks director.  I made an appointment with student support services for the next day.  I freaked out over a problem set that I thought was due that day. It was due the next day, Thursday. I did the problem set.  I felt off.  I did a case study for marketing. I tried and failed to study for my test on Friday. This is not my week. I went to sleep.  There were no knocks on my door, no frightening texts or calls in the middle of the night. I woke up, I went to class. I met with my awesome student support services officer.  I got an extension on my test. I went through the rest of my day in a daze, and I identified the source of my haziness to a new medication I was trying out.  I stopped taking it.  Things are clearer now. One new patient, patient number 20.  It has been over 24 hours since a new person has presented symptoms.  I hope this is over. I learned a few things over the past five days.  First of all, I really like being an EMT and Medlink.  Even though it was torturous at times, I really did like being there for my friends, and I think it is important that people have someone to go to when they are not feeling well.  I know that if I was sick I would want somebody checking on me, and I am glad that I can be there for other people. Second, my community is really awesome.  My hall really came together in the rough times making soup, bringing Gatorade and crackers to the doors of the ill.  It is amazing how generous and kind these people are, and I am so happy I live here. All along, the cats provided great emotional support, and probably helped with the spreading of disease.

Make the Most of Prep Over the Holidays

This blog post was contributed by Debbie Friedman, one of Compass most talented and experienced tutors. Debbie graduated from Brown University and currently works as both a tutor and a professional literary editor.   As the holidays approach, many students may be planning to jump-start their test prep. The question becomes: how can you best use your time? Some students may see the holidays as an oasis of free time to finally binge-prep, other students may become overwhelmed by expectations they’ve set for themselves, still others may want to be as far from test prep over their vacation as possible. The key, as with most things in life, is finding a balance. The majority of Compass students will be prepping over the holidays for the February or April ACT, so that will be my focus, but the takeaway for the SAT is similar: Break up the homework into smaller chunks and work on them more frequently. I can’t tell you how many of my students scramble to complete all of their homework, after not having looked at it for two weeks, right before I arrive. Conversely, I have a number of students who do all their work right after I assign it. This may seem like great time management, but the problem is similar—by the time we review homework, the concepts we’ve been working on have become hazy. While I can certainly sympathize with both approaches (I’ll admit to being more of a procrastinator myself), I see students succeed more readily with consistent practice. A major challenge of the ACT is pacing. The temptation some more eager students have is to repeatedly work through entire timed ACTs. And while I absolutely recommend timed practice tests, students should aim to take them about once a month, ideally proctored by Compass. Practicing the test by only sitting the full test can just reinforce bad habits (you wouldn’t, after all, train for a marathon by just running marathons, right?). A practical solution to working on both the pacing of the test and pacing your prep is to carve up the test and practice smaller amounts more frequently. Try picking two sections to focus on each night (e.g.: Science and English on Monday, Math and Reading on Tuesday). Break them up in the following ways: Science, Reading, and English, are all conveniently divided up into passages for you. Give yourself the goal to complete one passage. Then check your answers. See if you can figure out why you missed the problems you missed: Carelessness? Did you let one question suck up all your time? The timing breakdown is as follows: Science: 5 minutes per passage, Reading: 8 ½ minutes per passage, English: 9 minutes per passage. The Math section, however, can’t be broken up as easily into smaller chunks. Since the problems get more complex as the Math section goes on, the timing is not uniform, and not all students are even aiming to finish. However, there is still a lot to be said for working on, say, ten problems, then checking your answers. Understanding why you are missing problems is especially useful in the Math section. Are you making careless arithmetic mistakes? Or do you not remember certain formulas? The ACT Math section requires students to know a variety of concepts – from the Pythagorean Theorem to the difference of squares – and familiarity with these concepts and formulas is integral to your pacing. Take the time to review topics you’re shaky on—your work will go that much faster with these concepts fresh in your mind. You don’t want your entire holiday break taken up by test prep, and you don’t want the only test prep you’ve done to be six weeks (or more) before the actual test. The holidays are a great opportunity, not only to devote time to test prep, but to start setting habits for the weeks and months leading up to your test date.

The Song Ten Minutes Ago, Is From Rodgers And Hammerstein...

The song â€Å"Ten Minutes Ago† is from Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Cinderella. A musical adaption of the classic fairytale by the same name, it became a musical sensation when Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein transformed it into a live musical television broadcast in 1957. Starring Julie Andrews, it retold the fairytale of a young girl living a miserable life under the roof of her evil stepmother and her three equally vicious stepsisters. With the Prince’s Ball nearing, the four women in her family were planning to go, leaving Cinderella at home on the night of the ball. When all hope seemed lost, Cinderella’s Fairy Godmother appears, granting her wishes by transforming her from rags to riches, and giving her a pair of glass slippers. Cinderella was able to go to the ball unrecognized, under the condition to be home by midnight, when the spell wore off. At the ball, she meets the prince and there is immediately chemistry, but she rushes to leave before the clock strikes twelve, in fear of the prince seeing her for who she really was and being disgusted by her true self. As she escapes the castle, she loses one of her glass shoes on the steps of the castle. Leaving it behind, she makes it home without being seen by anyone, and resumes her life as a poor girl being abused by her family. The next day, the prince announces a search for Cinderella, not knowing her name or remembering her face. He went around town and asked women to try on the glass shoe, believing that he would

A Reflection On The Semester - 871 Words

A Reflection on the Semester I was not sure what to expect when I signed up for Learning Theory: Worldviews, Paradigms, and Practices for the 21ST Century Classroom. I am a novice in the field of teaching, only having taught labs to undergraduates while in graduate school. I was pleasantly surprised by the information presented to me on MindTap. The book, Psychology Applied to Teaching, opened my eyes to the wide range of theories and teaching techniques. The book also explained why certain evaluation techniques and methods are used, which has always been a curiosity for me. Everything was wrapped up with an important lesson, teaching is a group effort. While in school I had learned about different types of learners; mainly regarding visual, auditory, read-write, and kinesthetic. I had never considered the psychological angle to teaching. Vygotsky’s theory, that social and cultural forces shape our cognitive development, caught my interest. I can relate to this theory because I gained a lot of my knowledge, and skills, from my mother and then from teachers throughout school. Another aspect of teaching I had not considered is that culture and socioeconomic diversity can affect how students may learn. A student, who is an immigrant, will process information slightly different and may need special accommodations or require a different technique to get information to translate. The challenge is to open yourself up to other, scientifically proven, methods that may be outside ofShow MoreRelatedSemester Reflection994 Words   |  4 PagesSemester Reflection As the semester started, I had set my mind that I was destined to achieve a lot. During the start of the semester, I had several difficulties writing English assignments especially in terms of grammar. During the first week of the semester, I sat down, organized my thoughts and comprehended that throughout the semester, I had to achieve all that I had planned for. As a student of English, I had planned that throughout the semester, I had to improve my skills as a scholar, writerRead MoreSemester Reflection Essay - Semester958 Words   |  4 PagesSemester Reflection essay After almost completed my first semester successfully her at Arizona State University, I got educated in a variety of subjects from my classes, but the class the inspired my the most and had a great affect in the way I look to my career was the Student Success in Business class WPC 101. I remember the first day of this class where I was required to write an essay about My Sun Devil Store, and from that moment I knew that this class is going to be full of inspiring materialsRead MoreEnd Of Semester Reflection. This Semester Has Been A Tough915 Words   |  4 Pages End of Semester Reflection This semester has been a tough one but I feel like I have learned a lot about pharmacy over these past few months. I have had a lot of courses so far and in each one, I have been able to make connections to the practice of pharmacy. In this essay, I will reflect on some of things I learned in my courses and how they relate to my future career as a pharmacist. I will also identify areas where certain topics intersect in different courses. In my pharmaceutics courseRead MoreReflection On My First Semester Portfolio1391 Words   |  6 Pages Looking through my first semester portfolio I had set a few goals for myself in which I have been trying to reach throughout the second semester which is almost coming to an end. At the end of first semester I had set three goals for myself that consisted of working on my grammar errors, procrastination in writing papers, and fixing small mistakes that easily can be fixed. In order to achieve my goals I had to make a plan to reach them. As for fixing my grammar errors I have been putting my papersRead MoreListening Abilities Class Reflection At The Beginning Of The Semester1265 Words   |  6 PagesListening Abilities Class Reflection At the beginning of the semester, when we were analyzing some of our undesirable listening habits, I narrowed it down to one that I really wanted to focus on improving this semester, that being remembering. In attempt to better my memory skills, I compiled a list of positive and productive steps that I was going to work on, on a daily basis to help me change how I listen. Those being; avoid distractions, such as my phone or other electronics, while others areRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflecting On My Semester Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesReflecting on My Semester This semester, I have attended each class and have been an active participant in those classes. Whether it was orally or active listening, I made comments that were relevant and thought provoking in response to my classmate’s writing, my classmate’s ideas, or another essay. I attended all workshops days worked well with my peers when it came to workshopping. I think that I have developed my writing since the first essay of this semester based on the feedback I have receivedRead MoreReflection On My Learning Skills Development During This Semester1266 Words   |  6 Pages Nursing: Portfolio Assignment Name Institution Professor Course Date Task 1: Reflection on your learning skills development during this semester Nurse education comprises of practical and theoretical training offered to student with the aim of preparing them for their roles as nursing professionals. This semester has broadened my learning skills, approaches and strategies. My expectations was to develop effective communication skills needed in the nursing profession besides effectiveRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Reflections On My Journey Till Mid Semester1584 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of the Reflections on My Journey till Mid Semester Reclusiveness has been a very deterring aspect in my life. It has affected me as a person, as a team member and as an emerging health professional. However, during my participation in this course I have come to understand that it is important to make myself better, and this will resonate with other aspects of my life. My journey started when I decided to select this course. Of course, I just picked it on a whim because theRead MoreSemester Enrichment Reflection : Sfsu s Sofa Sin Casa Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages Semester Enrichment Reflection #2: SFSU’s Sofa Sin Casa On December 1s, 2016 at 8:00pm our group went to a school play held here in San Francisco State University at the McKenna Theatre. The play is called â€Å"Sofa Sin Casa† which translates to a couch with no home. The play was roughly two hours with one brief intermission, mixed with dance choreography and singing.   The play features a red couch in San Francisco, â€Å"The new Silicon Valley†, moving from place to place and giving people a placeRead MoreMy Reflections on My 1st Semester in High School Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesSecond semester can be harsh sometimes. Stressing myself for so many things coming my way and I must find a method to try to get everything well and done. Being a student can be rough for me and as I reflect back to first semester I do realize that I got to keep my head up and improve all my weakness and retouch my strengths to make them stronger. I learned that I am a good student but putting more effort in where I need more effort will ma ke me greater. My reading skills in my opinion are decent

Noah Cooper. Mrs. Sites. English 10A. 15 April 2017. Lee

Noah Cooper Mrs. Sites English 10A 15 April 2017 Lee Harvey Oswald: The Sole Assassin? The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin; that he did not have confederates who are still at large; and that evidence was such that he would have been convicted at trial. Unfortunately the facts on Oswald seem about too pat- too obvious (Marxist, Cuba, Russian wife, etc.) The Dallas police have put out statements on the Communist conspiracy theory and it was they who were in charge when he was shot and thus silenced (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 2.) The assassination of John F. Kennedy has been a topic of debate for many years. The aforementioned quote is a prime example of why many individuals feel the JFK assassination was a conspiracy.†¦show more content†¦In the hours after the assassination Oswald murdered a police officer by the name of J.D. Tippit (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 1.). Soon after Oswald was arrested, and whilst in interrogation Oswald claimed that he was framed (Vollbach, Michael 1.). There is no documentation or recordings of this interrogation, however (Vollbach, Michael 1.). While in custody Oswald took a Paraffin test, which detects gunpowder residue. The results of the test showed that Oswald had not fired the Mannlicher-Caracano rifle found on the sixth floor of the Texas Book Depository (Vollbach, Michael 1.). The Mannlicher-Caracano rifle that was found was a notoriously poorly made and inaccurate rifle (Bisaro, Anna 1.). During a transfer to different prison facility Lee Harvey Oswald was assassinated by Jack Ruby (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 1.). Jack Ruby was a local club owner who was known to have ties to organized crime (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 2.) . The CIA was acknowledged to have ties to organized crime, particularly when they were attempting to assassinate Fidel Castro (â€Å"Why the CIA has confessed to a Cover-Up in the JFK Assassination 1.). On November 29, 1963 the Warren Commission was formed to investigate JFK’s assassination (â€Å"The JFK Assassination† 2.). The commission’s body members were Senators Russell and Cooper, Representatives Ford and Boggs, former High Commissioner of Germany John McCloy, and Allen Dulles, CIA director for several years until after the failed Bay of Pigs

A Historical View of Egyptian’s Mathematics System

Moua 1 Vee Moua Math 101-Term Paper Dr. Olimb A Historical View of Egyptian’s Mathematics System In historic times; math was well known for helping Egyptian people keep track of their property, money, taxes, livestock, land and sometimes people. Math did indeed help the Egyptian community and their king by building pyramids, tombs, art crafts, and using math to solve the flood on Nile Valley. Egypt was striving for a new era to come along with their mathematical achievement. As history has it, Egypt was the land of lands and great art with their high pyramids. During the year 3000 BC when two nations decides to come in one nation so that the nation of Egypt can be under one king. Since Egypt has become under one nation; the land and it’s’†¦show more content†¦As Egypt grows into a great land of arts and crafts so did their knowledge of math grew as they find ways to count, solve problems, and every day use of math. Ever since then Egyptians quickly develop their own use of math skills and numbers to use. Meanwhile Egypt already has their own writing system, they quickly convert into the numeral system which is called Egyptian Numerals (O΄Connor and Robertson, 2000). Egyptians were very careful because mathematics required them to deal the form of fractions. â€Å"In ancient Egypt mathematics was used for measuring time, straight lines, the level of the Nile floodings, calculating areas of land, counting money, working out taxe s and cooking. Math was even used in mythology - the Egyptians figured out the numbers of days in the year with their calendar† (Seawright, 2013). It is true that Nile Valley flooded yearly. As Stevenson, 2000 wrote Nile is the longest river and flows from three branches: â€Å"The Blue Nile, the White Nile and the Atbara. They join far south of Egypt to become a single river a mile wide† (Stevenson, 2000). The Egypt king want to learn when the flood will start, therefore; he order to find someone who works with geography and use their knowledge of math to help solve or get close to when the Nile river will flood. The king hopes that if he could get close to the dates and time of theShow MoreRelatedAncient Egyptian Life2317 Words   |  10 Pagesfor â€Å"religion†. The gods were tied to all activities in daily life, and no Egyptian citizen believed that the gods were fallible. While there generally were slight differences with how the gods interacted with the w orld, most citizens had the same views. There were the chief deities, Horus and Amon-Re, and then there were gods of specific aspects of life. An important god is Osiris, god of the afterlife. The afterlife was an essential part of the Egyptian society, and embalming a dead body was a

Justice in Antigone Free Essays

Antiquity and the 19th Century (Ulfers) William Rauscher Thursday, 9:30AM Justice in Antigone In Sophocles’ Antigone, two notions of ‘justice’ are presented, which conflict with each other. Creon’s form of justice rewards the loyal Eteocles and punishes the traitor Polyneices, by refusing to give Polyneices proper burial rites. This form of justice directly conflicts with Antigone’s idea of justice, which doesn’t differentiate between the â€Å"wicked† and the â€Å"just. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice in Antigone or any similar topic only for you Order Now † These two conflicting thoughts on justice illustrate two classic philosophies. Creon represents a Paramenidean view of justice, while Antigone represents a Heraclitean view of justice. Paramenidean thought splits the world into two systems, where â€Å"Being† is primary and â€Å"Becoming† is secondary (Ulfers, Lecture). To Paramenides, â€Å"Being† is associated with the idea of â€Å"oneness† and â€Å"timelessness,† while any â€Å"Becoming† or process is an illusion produced by the senses. This dualistic worldview simplifies everyday occurrences and thoughts into opposites, which are unchangeable. In contrast, Heraclitean thought presents â€Å"Becoming† as primary, while â€Å"Being† is secondary (Ulfers, Lecture). Heraclitus regards change and temporality as ultimate in a perpetual process of â€Å"Becoming. † Heraclitus goes on to argue that opposites are simultaneously present in a state known as chiasmic unity. Chiasmic unity constitutes a paradoxical unity of opposites, which binds opposites together and keeps them apart. Heraclitean thought favors the logic of â€Å"both/and,† which violates the Paramenidean logic of â€Å"either/or. † Antigone presents a Heraclitean view of justice in a conversation with her sister Ismene abut Creon’s proclamation that their brother, Polyneices, will ot receive proper burial rites. Antigone determines that Creon has no authority to dictate burial rites: â€Å"It is not for him [Creon] to keep me from my own† (Sophocles, 163). By choosing to defy Creon’s decree, Antigone accepts her fate as â€Å"a criminal-but a religious one,† revealing that she wants to make her act of defiance a public example. Antigone does not fear Creon’s threat of punishment because she follows a different form of justice based on a higher religious authority. Religion functions in a chiasmic structure, where the opposite values of â€Å"wicked† and â€Å"just,† lose their oppositional aspects (Ulfers, Lecture). Antigone’s commitment to a Heraclitean view of justice allows her to defy the sovereign, yet keep her honor: â€Å"No suffering of mine will be enough to make me die ignobly† (Sophocles 165). In contrast, Ismene chooses to follow Creon’s interpretation of justice because he is the current ruling power, whose authority is unquestioned. She is not able to see past the â€Å"either/or† logic Creon has imposed on his people. As a wiser, older sister, Ismene warns Antigone about disobeying Creon, pleading with Antigone to come to her senses: â€Å"†¦and see how miserable our end shall be if in the teeth of law we shall transgress against the sovereign’s decree and power†¦Extravagant action is not sensible† (Sophocles, 163). Ismene determines that Antigone’s intended action is flawed because it goes beyond the simplicity of following the sovereign’s law. Despite these warnings, Antigone is compelled to defy Creon’s proclamation as a result of her Heraclitean view of justice. Creon confronts Antigone for defying his decree. In contrast to Antigone, Creon represents the Paramenidean view of justice, which is based on an oppositional order of wicked and just, punishment and reward (Ulfers, Lecture). Creon extends these distinctions to the realm of the dead: â€Å"My enemy is still my enemy even in death† (Sophocles 181). Creon believes that by extending the intolerance of treachery into death’s realm, he will set an example that will dissuade any future uprisings against his rule. Antigone shows no remorse for her actions, believing that Creon’s rule does not extend to the realm of the dead: â€Å"†¦it was not Zeus that made the proclamation; nor did Justice, which lives with those below, enact such laws as that, for mankind. I did not believe your proclamation had such power to enable one who will someday die to override God’s ordinances† (Sophocles 178). Antigone disagrees with Creon, since death is inevitable and is neither considered a punishment nor a reward. In this sense, judgment is suspended in the realm of death. She feels that the mortal Creon cannot make a proclamation that governs the realm of the dead. Antigone embodies a â€Å"law† that revolves around the chiasmic unity of the opposite values of honor and dishonor attributed to Etocles and Polyneices, respectively (Ulfers, Lecture). She will not give allegiance to the temporal rules of Creon, since she will be in conflict with the higher authority of the gods regarding the realm of death: â€Å"The god of death demands these rites for both† (Sophocles 181). As a result of Antigone’s public display of disobedience toward Creon’s rule, Creon believes that he is forced to fulfill the justified punishment of death on Antigone. In order to uphold his authority as a good ruler, he feels that he has to rule with intolerance toward disobedience: â€Å"The man the city set up in authority must be obeyed in small things and in just but also in their opposites† (Sophocles, 187). In Creon’s mind, creating a victorious rule means inflexible justice, order, and discipline. This unchanging mentality of a strict separation of being either loyal or disloyal and receiving either reward or punishment represents a Paramenidean view of justice. His form of justice is devoid of leniency and mercy, only seeing his own perspective on justice. Creon finally realizes the true â€Å"injustice† of his law only after the tragic deaths of his son, wife, and Antigone: â€Å"The mistakes of a blinded man are themselves rigid and laden with death† (Sophocles, 209). His inflexible decrees blinded him from true justice by locking him into a rigid Paramenidean view of the world. After facing unparalleled tragedies, he ultimately has gained insight into Antigone’s â€Å"justice. † Creon has switched from the Paramenidean separation of opposites to the chiasmic unity of opposites: â€Å"Everything in my hands is crossed† (Sophocles, 212). Creon is now able to comprehend that not everything can be categorized into separate distinctions to be judged, seeming to accept the Heraclitean view of justice. Creon sees the error in his notion of justice, but he is too late to prevent the tragedy that befalls him. His absolute power of ruling combined with his pride and arrogance leads him to be blinded to Antigone’s beliefs. At the end of the play, Creon gains â€Å"wisdom† from his â€Å"unwelcome fate† realizing that he â€Å"[should] have kept the old accepted laws† (Sophocles 204, 212). This realization bestows upon him the knowledge to rule in favor of the â€Å"both/and† Heraclitean view of justice, rather than the â€Å"either/or† Paramenidean view of justice that he once followed. How to cite Justice in Antigone, Essay examples

Carrefours Failure free essay sample

Critique 1: Group work Initial Presentation Company chosen: CARREFOUR’s Failure in Japan The presentation begins with telling the viewers what her team will be discussing throughout the presentation in the order as per heading suggest (Carrefour- The world’s second largest food retailer with 10000plus stores worldwide and opens in Japan in 2000). This gives a sense of scale, time and highlights the sheer size of the company. This is done briefly but is essential as it then proceed straight into the situation, the company’s failure in Japan.This serves as an anchor for the rest of the topic (Weeks, 2005). The team has identified failure of the company to expand in Japan effectively. This is followed by the Entry Strategy which led to its failure in clear, simple keywords, visually colourful and diagrammatically communicated to the audience. Note that there was no long table or confusing data that maybe too confusing, given the short time frame (8min) and its presentation purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Carrefours Failure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rationale of the failure were sufficient as it has identified and communicated the reasoning quiet effectively (Failure to succeed in Japan due failure to understand Japanese market , inadequate research done on customer behaviour as they were following their generic Asian model, Japan is different). We were given an overview of the failed entry strategy and explanation of why it has failed. This however, can be stronger with the use of quotations from upper management such as the CEO, Joise Luis Duran said â€Å"Let’s be honest, Japan was a short and expensive adventure for us,† taken from extract of the BBC website (BBC News, 2005).The team gave a strong argument assisted by factual information in that Carrefour sold its eight hypermarkets and decided to join forces with Aeon with limited commercial activities. The use of lecture notes â€Å"Overview of Major Analytical Frameworks† serves as a guide that includes Porters Diamond and the SWOT analysis (IBUS 5001 Lecture Notes, 2011). There were merely a mention of these Models given the short time limit but we can expect it to be elaborated in depth for the final presentation of the project. For example when talked about one of Porter’s Diamond e. g. Domestic Demand Conditions the analysis of the discussion simply states that due to lack of understanding consumer’s behaviour but without going into details as to what they are exactly. Japanese consumers have a different shopping habit compares the other Asian countries, they like to shop on a day to day basis not collectively but in small amount each time which proves difficult for Carrefour’s entry (BBC News, 2005). However, the application of these models to the discussion adds credibility as it shows strength, structure and depth to the Intro which further makes the argument more convincing.The close of the Intro were without summing up the key points as a reminder to the audience of the subject discussed but rather rounded the Intro by the insertion of â€Å"any questions? † Overall, The first speaker had open the Intro, though very structured and well analysed evidenced by the degree of articulacy in their PowerPoint and context relevance of their speech is to the visual communication, the delivery was fast paced and without the well presented PowerPoint one could loose focus on the topic discussed.In comparison to other presentations, his one is more convincing than the rest as it shows higher level of research, analysis which reinforces the subject discussed. References BBC News (2005), Carrefour exits Japan Mexico, , viewed 10th April 2010 IBUS_5001, Strategy, Innovation Global Business: Week 5, pp 1-6 Weeks H (2005) The Best Memo You’ll Ever Write, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Spring 5, pp 3-5

Translation Theory Revision free essay sample

Susan Basset: Telling the same things in a different language in a way that sounds natural, getting the point across. Translation types: Semiotic classification: Intralingual – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language Interlingual – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Intersemiotic – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Binary classifications: Free translation translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text Literal rendering of text from one language to another word-for-word. Overt – is a TT that does not mean to be an original. The individual text function cannot be tha same for TT and ST since the cultures are different. Covert – ST is not linked to the ST culture or audience; both ST and TT address their respective receivers directly. Domestication vs foreigization: translation methods that move the writer toward [the reader], i. We will write a custom essay sample on Translation Theory Revision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . , fluency, and those that move the reader toward [the author] (domestication) , i. e. , an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text (foreignization). Documentary (preserve the original exoticizing setting) vs instrumental (adaptation of the setting to the target culture) Text Type Theory: Katharina Reiss. Determine, what kind of text you are dealing with: †¢ Informative – plain facts (newspaper article) †¢ Expressive – creative composition (poetry) †¢ Operative – including behavioural responses (ads) †¢ Multi/audio-medial (films or visual/oral ads) Equivalence: Dynamic equivalence (also known as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source texts grammatical voice, etc. ), while formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). J. C. Catford †¢ A formal correspondent – any TL category which van be said to occupy the ‘same’ place in SL †¢ A textual equivalent – any TL text or part of text that van be said to be the equivalent of the ST Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) A firmly empirical (kogemuslik) discipline †¢ Describes and maps translations †¢ Proposes hypotheses as why the translations are like they are †¢ Avoids being prescriptive The aim of DTS is to acquire insight into the nature and function of translation as a cultural and historical phenomenon DTS leading figures : Gideon Toury, Andre Lefevere Early translation theory Cicero – senise-for-sense. Synthesized in Latin Greek philosophers. The founder of Western translation theory. The 1st to comment on the process of translation. Translation serves as the study and imitation of rhetorical models. Free translation that is focused on the meaning. Horace model – target orientation. Aesthetically pleasing and creative translation. Art of Poetry. Quintilian – remarks on translations are v much in the Ciceroian tradition. Makes a difference between: metaphrasis – replacing a single word with a single word; paraphrasis – replacing a phrase with a phrase. Jerome model – translation Bible –gt; latin „Vulgateâ€Å" (405. y). Translated sense-for-sense, rather that word-for-word. German Romanticism: individual author’s vision. Author is a creator. Shlegel: all writings in act of translation: Schleiermacher: translator could take the reader along and make him walk with the author or in the other way around.. Word-for-word translation onorthodox view of translation. †¢ Herder, Goethe, Humbolt, the Shlegel brothers, Shleiermacher †¢ translations of Homeric epics, the Greek tragedies and Shakespeare †¢ Emergence of the German tradition as opposed to the French †¢ strive for an independent literary culture Goethe: 3 stages of translation: 1) aquainted us the foreign language in his own terms (Luther Kings’s Bible) 2) French tradition – use of its own criteria, own rules ) The same idendity between source and target language. Eugene Nida. Formal equivalence – attention to the transfer of message, both form and content Dynamic / functional equivalence – seeks the closest natural equivalence for the source language message Principles: 1. making sense 2. conveying the spirit and manner of the original 3. having a natural and easy fo rm of expression 4. producing a similar response †¢ 1. give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. †¢ 2. reproduce the style and manner of writing of the original. †¢ 3. ave all the ease of the original composition. Nida’s equivalent effect criticized: †¢ too concerned with the word level †¢ difficult or impossible to achieve †¢ overly theological Nida differentiates between: †¢ Linguistic meaning. the meaningful relationship between words, phrases and sentences. †¢ Referential meaning. â€Å"the words as symbols which refer to objects, events, abstracts, relations† Methods: hierarchical structuring, componential analysis, semantic structure analysis †¢ Emotive meaning Toury? s norm theory: Defines social norms. Preliminary norm: concerned with translation policy The initial norm: expressed through operational norms which direct actual decisions made during the translating process. Corpus studies †¢ Corpus – compurerized collection of documents †¢ A token – each word as it occurs †¢ A type – each different word The type-token ratio is a text? s lexical density(tihedus) Postcolonialism: †¢ Resist domination †¢ Emphasis on the impact and significance of translation in a context of political, military, economic and cultural power differentials (vahe) †¢ Is characterizied by hybridity (ristandumine) and self-reflection English theory Early English translation of the Bible: John Wycliffe – published Bible’s English version (late 14th c). Tried to translate the meaning, but preserve its form. William Tyndale – 1525 Bible’s German version (Greek) The King James Bible 1611 Bible’s English version Early translations of the Bible in English †¢ Wycliffe Bible 1380-1384 revised by John Purvey in 1408 . Published Bible English version. Trying to translate the meaning but preserve its form (w-for-w) †¢ William Tyndale 1525 (w-for-w) †¢ Bishops Bible 1568 The King James Bible the Authorized Version 1604 -1611 John Dryden on translation: 1) metaphrase – word-for-word; 2) paraphrase – sense-for-sense 3)imitation – absolute freedom. Tytler 18th c: 1) translation should give source language complete context. 2) style and manner should be similar. 3) reader should see it as fluid as original text. Essays on the translations, self-standing thoug hts on translations, artistic activity = transl. Edward Fitzgerald: Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: Persian poetry, imperial attitude. uatrain rhyme scheme: AABA Early theory and practice of translation in England: draws on two traditions: †¢ Classical Latin translation, from the Greek †¢ Early Christian Latin translation from the Scriptures, the Hebrew, Aramaic King Alfred (871-99) and his policy of translation. †¢ Augustine’s Soliloquies and Gregory’s Pastoral Care †¢ Gregory’s Dialogues †¢ Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People Benedictine reform a revival of monasticism, ?lfric’s homilies a need to educate the uneducated

How to Start Writing a Personal Ministry Essay

How to Start Writing a Personal Ministry EssayWhen I started writing my first sample personal ministry essay, I knew that it would be a great help in making the transition from college to graduate school easier. So how do you start? Where should you begin?It really does not matter how the sample personal ministry essay is written. The only rule that you have to follow is that it must be well researched and organized. This can be achieved by reading as much information as possible about the ministry you wish to pursue. From what I have read, it seems that most scholars have pretty good understanding of the work and how it works. But this is not necessarily the same for every writer.You also have to research and gather all the materials that you will need to write your personal ministry essay. Most likely you will find a lot of literature that will be available free or at an affordable price. There are other sources where you will have to shell out a little money but it will also be wo rth it. When searching for free resources, make sure that you read the reviews on the website before making your final decision.Once you have done your research, you should have an idea of the ministry program and the requirement of the ministry program. Before beginning to write, do not forget to schedule some time to do some research about the program. If you were to decide on a certain program, know whether the requirements are similar for all programs. And which ones do you need to consider? If you are planning to do graduate school, will the course you will take differ from the degree you already have?How about the topic of your personal ministry essay? Be precise about it. Be specific about the point you want to emphasize and what does this mean for the church? Does it involve you and your vocation? If so, why? If you want to go into ministry as a chaplain, then tell people about it and give them a sense of purpose.But where should you put your personal ministry essay? Yes, th e personal ministry essay is not just an ordinary writing exercise. Many scholars have written their personal essays as essays and have submitted it to journals and even magazines. This is just one way of submitting it and doing it professionally but some scholars prefer to do it as a magazine article.Writing a personal ministry essay is just like any other writing that you do. Be able to separate yourself from the routine and do the proper research and prepare it well. Be sure that you do not limit yourself to doing it as an essay. In fact, you can also write a blog, a book or a report. In this case, do not be afraid to start writing.

Human Resource Management and Conflict Resolution

Schumann, P. L. (2011). A moral principles framework for human resource management ethics. Human Resource Management Review, 11(1–2), 93–111Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Human Resource Management and Conflict Resolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summary In this article, Schumann (2011) argues that analyzing ethical issues in HRM is a legitimate and important tool for increasing the capacity to understand humans in an organization. It is also important in solving any conflict arising between individuals at the workplace. According to the author, the theory of ethical relativism should not be used in searching and developing moral principles, especially when managing human-human relationships in an organization. The article presents a comprehensive framework that managers should use to make judgements about HRM ethics, with a clear consideration of human behaviour. In particular, the artic le emphasizes on the 20th century ethical theories such as utilitarian, rights, and care and virtue ethics. Using these theories, the author attempts to describe HRM strategies as some of the most important tools for managing conflicts in an industrial setting, suggesting that this tool provides organization leaders with an effective way of solving organizational conflicts. Critique Within the scope of the study, the author has chosen an important and debatable topic because human resource management is one of the most important issues affecting all institutions in the modern world. In fact, it is worth noting that various theories, models and suggestions have been proposed to determine the most effective way of managing people in organizations. This phenomenon has created an extensive debate within the scope of application of strategic HRM in modern industries. While these studies and suggestions are numerous, it is worth noting that the author’s argument seems to discuss a topic that is highly debatable yet unsatisfied by the existing knowledge. Thus, the author’s topic is justified and is worth empirical analysis.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, the author fails to introduce a comprehensive study question, despite showing that the main research problem is ‘whether application of moral framework in HRM could be used to understand human behaviour in an organizational environment and how this can be used to resolve conflicts’ (.Schumann, 2011). Secondly, the author does not make a comprehensive hypothesis, which renders the article less concise with conventional research protocols. Despite this, the author has effectively developed an informative argument that is worth analysing in this paper. The author’s choice of methodology is also worth analysing. First, it is clear that the author does not specify the type of research method used. Nevertheless, it is clear that the study is an empirical review of existing literature in a descriptive, rather than quantitative manner. As such, it is clear that the author majorly relies on the information obtained from previous studies. Specifically, it is based on a wide area of management such as HRM, conflict management and organizational leadership. Within the context of the argument, it is clear that author wanted to dispute the theory of ethical relativism in HRM. Instead, the author upraises the application of moral principles when managing people in organizations. The author also argues that the application of a moral framework through analysis of â€Å"ethics of deception† to the employees about the nature of the workplace is an effective tool of understanding and managing human behaviour. However, the author has failed to consider that his argument is only applicable in some industries or organizations, such as those operating in hazardous environments, like chemical manufacturing. In essence, this argument cannot hold true in other industries or organizations with lower levels of hazards.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Human Resource Management and Conflict Resolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Schumann, P. L. (2011). A moral principles framework for human resource management ethics. Human Resource Management Review, 11(1–2), 93–111 This article on Human Resource Management and Conflict Resolution was written and submitted by user S0l0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

South Korea Economic Development

South Korea Economic Development Introduction Like all the other Asian countries, South Korea was adversely affected by the 1997 economic crisis. However, going back in history, the country was able to navigate through the crisis in the 1980s, which had hit the emerging markets (Collins Park, 1989).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on South Korea Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, the 1997 crisis as economist say hit the country with severe economic shock compared to the most recent 2007 economic meltdown and the 1980s crisis (Collins Park, 1989). Nevertheless, with all these challenges, South Korea has emerged as one of the world greatest economies ranking at the 11th position globally. All this was achieved in a thirty-year period of hard work and proper governance. The rapid growth experienced by the South Korean government was built on strategic planning and careful use and exploitation of resources. Today Sout h Korea is one of the most influential exporters. Economic growth The growth of the Korean economy began immediately after independence from their colony Japan in 1945 (Collins Park, 1989). The survival of the country was not guaranteed since it had very limited resources to establish a strong economy. Nonetheless, the South Koreans were determined to change their situation into a success story (Collins Park, 1989). The road to economic growth was one filled with challenges and setbacks with events such as the 1950-1953 war prolonging the economic instability and stagnation (Alexander, 2003). After the war, Korea’s population began to rise at 2.2% and the per capita Gross National Income, GNP also grew at a rate of 5.6% (Alexander, 2003). From 1953 to 1996, the Gross National Product, GNP increased from 2.3 to 480.2 billion US dollars (Alexander, 2003). The per capita GNP also rose from 67% to an amazing US$ 10, 543 (Collins Park, 1989). Capital inflow South Korean rapid g rowth into an industrial economy was greatly influenced by government involvement in the contest cash flow (Collins Park, 1989). The government initiated high levels of national savings, well distributed investments as well as education. Capital control was a principle strategy that the country used to get to achieve the economic power they have today (Collins Park, 1989).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More South Korea used capital controls to shield its financial market from the international market (Alexander, 2003). For instance, investment in the stock market was not allowed for foreigners until 1992 (Alexander, 2003). There were no foreign financial activities or firearms allowed in the country and locals were not allowed to operate foreign accounts. Nonresidents were also prohibited from investing in bonds until 1996 (Alexander, 2003). To limit foreign in vestments, the Korean won was inconvertible and the government worked hard to discourage offshore trade (Alexander, 2003). The exchange rate regime The Korean Won was initially pegged to the US dollar and the ministry of finance was responsible for controlling the exchange (Paul, 2003). In 1964, South Korea established the single currency peg system, which was the tool, used to peg the Korean Won to the US dollar (Paul, 2003). It was around the same time that a certificate system was initiated. The South Korean government therefore gave a very low limit of exchange of the Korean Won. In addition, it restricted commercial banks from trading foreign exchange certificates that were below the limit set by the government (Paul, 2003). In 1980, the fixed link between the Korean Won and the US dollar was dropped and a new system was introduced (Paul, 2003). They introduced a new system called the Multiple Currency Basket Peg, MCBP (Alexander, 2003). The basket currencies included currencie s of the closest trading collaborates among them Japan, Germany, Canada, and the United States of America. Domestic credit supply The economy of South Korea has experienced some economic challenges including the political repercussions that befell the country after the assassination of President Park who was killed in 1979 (Alexander, 2003). The country’s export business boom was experienced during the late 1980s, although a major slowdown developed in the early 1990s, which lead to the 1997 economic collapse. The economy of South Korea greatly depended on the export of IT related products and in that period the demand for these products was fairly reducing. Some aspects such as the credit card bubble further reduced the local demand for the same products further hurting the market at large (Alexander, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on South Korea Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Asset price boom and bust South Korea was one of the poorest nations of the world and this was mostly because of the war in the early 1950s (Alexander, 2003). The country took a while before it fully recovered from the slow-paced economic revival hence depending greatly on trading partners such as the United States of America and Japan (Paul, 2003). South Korea’s economic development mainly focused on education and import substitution policy (Paul, 2003). The country was transformed into a new industrialized country in the early 1970s through the deliberate strategic efforts by the government to revive the crumbling economy. The economy was brought back on its feet by reviving the light industries and emphasizing on labor-intensive manufacturing industries (Alexander, 2003). Policy lessons The business of exporting and choosing a target market was a joint agreement between the industry players and the government (Alexander, 2003). Financial markets were entirely controlled by the government, which included banks and this facilitated the development of firms by expanding their export capacities. The development strategy used by South Korea is considered today as one of the Asian magical events since the country has developed into one of the greatest nations of the world. The country changed its industrial structures and consequently its GDP rose from 12% to 20 % in 1962-1971 (Collins Park, 1989). Nonetheless, the strategy also had some defects in terms of balancing between the light and the heavy industry sectors (Collins Park, 1989). There were also critical disparities between those engaged in the export business and the local businesses (Collins Park, 1989). The country suffered from the great national foreign debt due to the government banking system that was the sole financier and the preferred source of access to credit.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government gave incentives such as subsidies, tax reduction, as well as exceptions, which was the reason why most companies agreed to invest in such risky and extensive industries. Without the government intervention these companies would not have risked to venture into the industries hence, the development as seen today would not have been realized. However, in order to be able to that, the government depended on foreign borrowing to be able to fund and offer such incentives, these led to the ultimate foreign debt and hence threatened the stability of the economy. References Alexander, A. (2003). Korea’s Capital Investment: Returns at the Level of the Economy, Industry, and Firm. Special Studies Series 2. Washington, DC: Korea Economic Institute. Collins, S., Park, W. (1989). External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in South Korea. In Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance. Chicago, U.S.A: University of Chicago Press. Paul. (2003). The Chastening.New York, NY: Public Affairs.

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Course work - Essay Example Also education was meant for them as they would be required to read the Bible and scriptures. The role of the village clergy was to oversee the spiritual life of his people on the medieval manor. It was the village priest who represented the Church for the medieval men and women. (Kreis, 2006) The church had the backing of the people as they were considered the spiritual people who god had chosen for the spreading of his teachings. This put a great responsibility on the Church as they held much influence over the people. But they held all control over education as it was not open for all. Therefore most of the inventions of the time, such as the printing press, were developed by the priesthood. The concept of proper land management was also introduced by them improving the quality and efficiency of the land production. But around the 12th century the people began to notice an increased change in the lifestyles of the priests. They were moving towards a worldlier lifestyle living their lives like the aristocracy. This negative feeling built up and led eventually to the Protestant Reformation. Other notable movements were those of the Franciscans, Waldensians, Poor Clares and Dominicans. (Sherman & Salisbury, 2006) These events were considered important as they showed that people wanted the church to reform itself and to be more religious in nature then it was. The people wanted to prevent the Church from deterioration and were willing to bring about change in the system. Aside from the worldly nature of the Church the main reason for dissent among the people was the Church's desire for more money. They began offering indulgences which did not suit the people as they saw the rich buying their way to paradise rather than leading a good pure life for it. The church's own attitude towards the people became more aloof as they concentrated their attention on the wealthy and were found to be serving under nobles and other feudal lords due to their education. The church would preach in Latin and since not many people knew the language they had to rely on the church for communing with god whereas they themselves couldn't. The inquisition was the straw that broke the camels back as the church now began prosecuting the people. This led to much dissatisfaction and when Martin Luther introduced the Protestant Reformation where he stressed on the actions of the people gaining them access to paradise rather then them buying it, people embraced it in multitudes. (D olan & Hubert, 1980) 2. Review the Crusades. Why did the crusaders go to the Holy Land, and what did they accomplish The crusades were initiated by an emotional speech done by Pope Urban II in 1095 which began the 200 hundred year lasting crusades. He moved the nobility to take back the Holy lands, to redeem themselves in the eyes of god by clearing themselves of their sins, and for the common people to become the soldiers of god. This speech was so potent that by the end of it the people were willing to lay down their lives for the Church and to go forth into battle against the heathens who had control over the Holy Lands. (Schreck, 2003) The crusades religious reasons were to reclaim the land from the Muslim invaders, secondly to repair the rift between the Roman and Orthodox Christianity since the Schism of 1054. The

Social Behavior in Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Behavior in Animals - Essay Example The while-tail is one such species. It is a medium-sized deer that is native to the United States. Most deer species, including the white-tail, live in herds. The white-tail deer will migrate depending on temperature, the phases of the moon and the barometric pressure. The white-tail socializes on the basis of sex with the exclusion of the mating season. The doe, which is the female deer, and the fawns, which are the infant deer, group together. The bucks, which are the male deer, live together segregating themselves from the does and fawns. The purpose of this is to give time to the does to bring up the fawns. The buck’s social life is all about dominance. Though they co-exist together and live as a herd, there is always that one buck that is considered to be the leader. The leading buck is supposed to be given preference when it comes to mating and any other buck that wishes to take his place must challenge him. The bucks not only challenge the dominant buck but also have ch allenges amongst themselves. If a buck wishes to challenge another male, he will lay down a scent by peeing over his tarsal glands by rub-urinating. The buck also does this as a way of inciting a female to mate with him. This is their way of communicating; the white-tail also bleats as a way of communicating. The aspect of socialization among the deer is portrayed as one of living together. Just as pointed out earlier, socialization traverses through virtually everything. The ant exemplifies a social life that is near to, if not, perfection. An army ant is mostly found in heavily forested areas that are in most cases humid. An army ant colony has three major divisions. They are the queen ant, the soldier ants, and the multipurpose soldier ants. Each of them has its own distinct duty in the colony. The duty of the queen ant is to ensure the continuity of the colony. Sarkar says that she does by laying eggs which can be as many as between 100,000 to 300,000 within a 5 to 10 day spun ( 67). The socialization of an ant revolves around the life-cycle of the colony. The life-cycle of an army ant colony has two major phases. The two phases include a stationary phase and a migratory phase. The stationary phase takes place when the queen ant is pregnant. The queen and is in most cases expected to lay over 50,000 eggs and this causes her abdomen to swell. At this stage, the colony is, in essence, stagnated at one particular place. The soldier ants divide themselves into groups. One group is responsible for the protection of the queen, another is responsible for fetching food and the other is responsible for building the nests. The multipurpose soldier and has the duty of also fetching food and making the nests for the eggs which will be hatched. The worker and also has the duty of cleaning the colony’s habitat and if necessary, expanding it. The second phase of the life-cycle of an ant is the migration. This phase is triggered by the hatching of the eggs. The ants have to migrate in search of a new habitat that will accommodate the whole colony. The integrative input of every ant is vital for the survival of the colony. It is the same unity that sees ants create ant hills which are over 10 feet high.  

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Autoimmune Disorder

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Autoimmune Disorder AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS The immune system is an important system within the human body that defends against disease and internal malfunction. When there is an invader or a pathogen, the bodys immune system responds accordingly, usually destroying the pathogen before it can infect the body and cause illness. The immune system also helps identify malfunctioning cells and eliminates them before faulty DNA is replicated. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system of a patient no longer identifies foreign versus self correctly. The immune system of a patient with an autoimmune disorder will attack the bodys cells or tissues causing damage or death. (Lettre Rioux, 2008). Autoimmune disorders can be genetically predisposed, but just because a patient is predisposed to a particular disorder does not mean they will necessarily experience it. Often times, autoimmune disorders occur through a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This means a patient may have a genetic predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus but the disorder is triggered by an invading virus the patient encounters and only thereafter do they suffer from the symptoms of SLE. There are now 68 genetic precursors that are linked to the development of autoimmune disorders, while in the past only about 15 had been identified. Symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary depending on what part of the body the immune system is attacking (Understanding Autoimmune Diseases, 2016) (Lettre Rioux, 2008). Within the immune system there are several types of cells. B-cells and T-cells play key roles within the immune system and in autoimmune diseases. There are two types of T-cells, CD4 T-helper cells that identify an invader and make the antibody creating B-cells aware and CD8 cytotoxic T-cells which will destroy a previously encountered threat without stimulating the creation of antibodies by B-cells. CD4 T-cells are also known as regulatory T-cells (Treg cells). These Tregs play a role in preventing autoimmunity by maintaining the ability to identify self. When these cells no longer identify self properly or at all, an autoimmune disease occurs. When T-helper cells do not identify self-versus-foreign properly they stimulate B-cells to create antibodies to destroy the bodys tissues or cells, called autoantibodies, or the cytotoxic T-cells will destroy the tissue or cells of oneself. (Venes et al., 2005, pp. 132, 135, 203, 204) (Corthay, 2009) (Hampe, 2012). SLE or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease most commonly characterized by joint pain (arthralgia) and swelling (edema). SLE can also cause fatigue, mouth sores, sensitivity to sunlight, and butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose of the face, and hair loss. Other symptoms depend on where the body is being attacked by the immune system. For instance, if the immune system of a patient with SLE is attacking the heart of the patient an additional symptom of arrhythmia may be experienced. (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2016). Diagnosis of SLE can be difficult as it can be associated with varying symptoms. A test known as antinuclear antibody test (ANA) is used to help diagnose SLE. An antinuclear antibody is an antibody created by the patients immune system to attack the bodys tissues and cells. Some ANA tests are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect florescent antibody (IFA). These tests examine how many antinuclear antibodies are present in a patients blood. ANA tests are used when the autoimmune disease may be affecting more than one area of the body; this is called a systemic autoimmune disease. Because SLE is systemic, an ANA test helps confirm that SLE is the diagnosis as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis. However, having a positive ANA test does not mean that a patient has SLE. SLE is often misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis because they share common symptoms such as edema and arthralgia this is why doctors often use an assortment of other tests to diagnose SLE, along with a physi cal exam as four of the eleven common symptoms of SLE must be present before a patient can be diagnosed. Some of those common symptoms were listed above: butterfly rash across the face, joint pain, sensitivity to sunlight, hair loss, fatigue, and edema. (Antinuclear Antibody, 2017)(Starkebaum, 2016)(Bocco, 2017). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can be treated but not cured. Because it is an autoimmune disease, SLE is treated with immunosuppressants. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunosuppressant that slows down the immune system and its attack on the bodys tissues and cells. HCQ was originally used in the treatment of malaria and is known as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). It is recommended that patients diagnosed with SLE immediately start a HCQ regiment as this drug help prevent further damage from the disease process. HCQ is usually used in chorus with other pain relief drugs because HCQ itself does not provide immediate pain relief. NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often used in joint pain management for patients with SLE. Over time, HCQ will help relieve joint pain in SLE sufferers as well as help stop further damage to any other affected organs and joints. Corticosteroids are often also prescribed to those with SLE as joint pain is a prominent symptom of SLE. Corticosteroids mimic naturally produced strong anti-inflammatory substances within the body. However, treatments come with risk factors. In rare cases, HQC can cause retinopathy; retinopathy is when vision is altered or complete blindness occurs. Likewise, long term use of corticosteroids has adverse effects including: osteoporosis, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), and cataracts. Dosage of corticosteroids are adjusted for long term use in patients with SLE to avoid these side effects and routine eye exams are done on those using HCQ to prevent retinopathy. (Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), 2014) (Bartels, 2016) (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus predominantly affects women. Research suggests this is due in part to estrogen. For every one man diagnosed with SLE, there are nine to twenty women diagnosed. Within the population of women who are at risk for SLE, women who are not white are at a higher risk for SLE as well as women under the age of 15 and over the age of 45. The discrepancy in race may have to do with the fact that colored females have higher recorded levels of estrogen than do white females.   Estrogen is thought to make women more susceptible to an autoimmune disease such as SLE because of its intracellular transcription ability to alter DNA. The effects of estrogen have also been studied holistically in association with the disease. Estrogen may encourage systemic inflammation in SLE and affect the severity of the disease and acute instances of it. Although estrogen has been identified as causing inflammation it has also been identified as prohibiting inflammation; thus meaning es trogen can act oppositely as it does in SLE in terms of another autoimmune disease. The discrepancy between the genders cannot completely be accounted for primarily with estrogen levels, however. Sex hormones are not the only determining factor for autoimmune diseases, others include; epigenetics, infections, genetics, and external environment. (Pierdominici Ortona, 2013, pp. 25-27) (Khan Ahmed, 2015) (Isherwood Witter, 2012) References Antinuclear Antibody (ANA). (2017, March 22). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Lab Tests Online website: https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ana/tab/test/ Bartels, C. M. (2016, September 19). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Treatment and Management (H. S. Diamond, Ed.). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Medscape website: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-treatment Bocco, D. (2017, January 3). The Difference Between Lupus and RA (N. Carteron, Ed.). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Healthline website: http://www.healthline.com/health/lupus-and-ra#Overview1 Corthay, A. (2009, June 27). How do Regulatory T Cells Work? Retrieved March 22, 2017, from NCBI website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784904/ Hampe, C. S. (2012, September 23). B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Retrieved March 22, 2017, from Hindawi website: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2012/215308/ Hansen, M. S., Schuman, S. G. (2011, June). Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from American Academy of Ophthamology website: https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/hydroxychloroquine-induced-retinal-toxicity Isherwood, D., Witter, J. (2012, July 16). Lupus fact sheet (B. Diamond, Ed.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from Womenshealth.gov website: https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/lupus.html Khan, D., Ahmed, S. A. (2015, December 3). The Immune System Is a Natural Target for Estrogen Action: Opposing Effects of Estrogen in Two Prototypical Autoimmune Diseases. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from NCBI website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701921/ Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015, November 26). Prednisone and other corticosteroids. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Mayo Clinic website: http://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/art-20045692?pg=2 Pierdominici, M., Ortona, E. (2013). Estrogen Impact on Autoimmunity Onset and Progression: the Paradigm of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. International Trends in Immunity, 1(2), 24-34. Retrieved from http://researchpub.org/journal/iti/number/vol1-no2/vol1-no2-3.pdf Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine). (2014, February 10). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from Netdoctor website: http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/aches-and-pains/a7356/plaquenil-hydroxychloroquine/ Starkebaum, G. A. (2016, January 16). Systemic lupus erythematosus. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from MedlinePlus website: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000435.htm Understanding Autoimmune Diseases. (2016, March). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases website: https://www.niams.nih.gov/%5C/Health_Info/Autoimmune/default.asp Venes, D., Biderman, A., Adler, E., Fenton, B. G., Enright, A. D., Patwell, J., . . . Wight, A.-A. (Eds.). (2005). Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (20th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.